D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in Brazilian samples of different age groups: findings from confirmatory factor analysis. Grassi-Oliveira, R., Cogo-Moreira, H., Salum, G.P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., & Foote, J. Adverse Childhood Experiences: Impact, Prevention, and Treatment. The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., Jones, L., & Dunne, M. The three remaining questions make up a Minimization/Denial (M/D) scale, which is used to help determine if respondents are underreporting their childhood trauma. Emotional Neglect: “the failure of caretakers to meet children’s basic emotional and psychological needs, including love, belonging, nurturance, and support.”.Physical Neglect: “the failure of caretakers to provide for a child’s basic physical needs, including food, shelter, clothing, safety, and health care” (poor parental supervision was also included in this definition if it places children’s safety in jeopardy).Physical Abuse: “bodily assaults on a child by an adult or older person that posed a risk of or resulted in injury.”.Sexual Abuse: “sexual contact or conduct between a child younger than 18 years of age and an adult or older person.”.Emotional Abuse: “verbal assaults on a child’s sense of worth or well-being or any humiliating or demeaning behavior directed toward a child by an adult or older person.”.The following definitions for abuse and neglect are provided in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: 7 Respondents use a Likert scale from 1 to 5 to indicate the applicability of those statements relative to their own childhood experiences. For example, on the Emotional Abuse scale, respondents are asked to respond to statements such as “People in my family said hurtful or insulting things to me.” The other subscales have similar statements that relate to that specific scale. The questions ask respondents to make statements about their childhood and their understanding of their trauma as an adolescent or adult. Of the 28 questions on the CTQ-SF, 25 items are split into five subscales: Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Physical Neglect, and Emotional Neglect. What Does the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Measure?
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